The legal backing for monetary policy by the Bank derives from the various statutes of the bank such as the CBN Act of 1958 as amended in CBN Decree No. 24 of 1991, CBN Decree Amendments 1993,No. 3 of 1997,No. 4 of 1997,No. 37 of 1998,No. 38 of 1998,1999 and CBN Act of 2007.
Section 12 Sub-sections (1) to (5), CBN Act of 2007 (Ammended)
In order to facilitate the attainment of price stability and to support the economic policy of the Federal Government, there shall be a Committee of the Bank known as the Monetary Policy Committee (in this Act referred to as "the MPC")

Naira notes and coins are printed/minted by the Nigerian Security Printing and Minting Plc (NSPM) Plc and other overseas printing/minting companies and issued by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). At the currency printing works of the NSPM Plc, quality is meticulously controlled throughout every process of currency production. This guarantees that every note issued meets the required standard. The CBN maintains an office called Mint Inspectorate in the premises of the NSPM Plc to maintain security and quality of Naira notes and coins.

Development financing is one of the requirements for sustainable economic growth in any economy. The supply of finance to various sectors of the economy will promote the growth of the economy in a holistic manner and this, will make development, welfare improvement to proceed at a faster rate.

The payments system plays a very crucial role in any economy, being the channel through which financial resources flow from one segment of the economy to the other. It, therefore, represents the major foundation of the modern market economy. Essentially, there are three pivotal roles for the payments system, namely: the Monetary Policy role, the financial stability role and the overall economic role.

Since the introduction of Whole Sale Dutch Auction System (WDAS) on February 20, 2006, the liberalized Foreign Exchange Market witnessed unprecedented stability most of which include the following:

1. Unification of exchange rates between the Official and Inter-bank Markets and resolution of the multiple currency problems.
2. Facilitation of greater market determination of exchange rates for the Naira vis-a-vis other currencies

The supervisory function of CBN is structured into five departments: